The security situation in South Sudan is deteriorating, with increased violence between the SPLM and SPLM-IO factions threatening a return to civil war. Recent attacks by the White Army and retaliatory bombings have displaced thousands. Political tensions are high amid detentions and house arrests of key officials. The UN and international partners are intensifying diplomatic efforts to uphold the 2018 Revitalized Peace Agreement amidst a dire humanitarian crisis affecting millions.
The ongoing security situation in South Sudan has severely worsened due to escalating tensions between the primary political factions: the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) led by President Salva Kiir Mayardit and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in Opposition (SPLM-IO) commanded by First Vice President Riek Machar, raising fears of a potential return to civil war.
On March 4, the youth militia known as the White Army seized barracks previously occupied by the South Sudan People’s Defense Forces (SSPDF). In response, civilian areas in the Upper Nile region faced aerial bombardments, allegedly employing highly flammable substances. These attacks have caused numerous casualties, injuries, and displaced approximately 100,000 individuals from their homes.
Concerns regarding escalating violence in the Upper Nile region have been amplified by reports of increased mobilization of both the White Army and SSPDF, with disturbing claims of child recruitment into their ranks. Tensions reached Juba on March 24, as clashes erupted between the SSPDF and SPLM-IO’s forces, instigating public fear reminiscent of the widespread conflict witnessed during the civil wars of 2013 and 2016.
Politically, the situation has led to multiple SPLM-IO officials being ousted, detained, or forced into hiding, including First Vice President Riek Machar, who was reportedly placed under house arrest on March 26. Nicholas Haysom, head of the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), emphasized the precarious state of the nation, stating that it is “teetering on the edge of a relapse into civil war.”
The United Nations, alongside international and regional partners, is actively engaged in diplomatic measures to avert conflict. Key organizations including UNMISS, the African Union (AU), and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) are committed to preserving the achievements of the 2018 Revitalized Peace Agreement, but success hinges on the willingness of the factions to participate in peace negotiations.
UN Secretary-General António Guterres stressed the urgency of the situation, urging South Sudan’s leaders to prioritize peace, asserting, “Put down the weapons… Put all the people of South Sudan first.” This call reflects the critical need for unity to overcome the nation’s dire circumstances.
South Sudan’s tumultuous history began with its independence in 2011 following prolonged conflict with Sudan, yet soon after, internal disputes led to civil war. The humanitarian crisis has intensified, with over nine million individuals in urgent need of aid, coinciding with overwhelming pressure on resources amid rising inflation and a declining economy. UNMISS, operational since South Sudan’s independence, aims to facilitate enduring peace and governance reforms as part of its mandate to stabilize and support the nation’s development.
In conclusion, the situation in South Sudan is increasingly precarious, with rising tensions between political factions threatening to plunge the nation back into civil war. The humanitarian crisis is worsening, necessitating immediate action to prioritize peace and stability. Continued diplomatic efforts and adherence to the Revitalized Peace Agreement are crucial for averting catastrophe and ensuring the wellbeing of the South Sudanese population. The urgent call from international leaders reinforces the need for South Sudan’s leaders to prioritize peace.
Original Source: peacekeeping.un.org
